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给我一个完整的springboot实现jwt的例子,login实现token生成,show1,要验证token,token保存时间为一天,show1要检验token是否过期
我可以给你一个简化版的Spring Boot和JWT的实现示例。这个示例会包含以下内容:
首先,你需要在你的Spring Boot项目中添加以下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
然后,创建一个JwtUtil
类来处理JWT的生成和验证:
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.function.Function;
@Component
public class JwtUtil {
private String SECRET_KEY = "my_secret_key";
public String generateToken(String username) {
return Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(username)
.setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET_KEY)
.compact();
}
public boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {
return getUsernameFromToken(token).equals(username) && !isTokenExpired(token);
}
private String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getSubject);
}
private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
return getExpirationDateFromToken(token).before(new Date());
}
private Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getExpiration);
}
private <T> T getClaimFromToken(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
}
}
接下来,你需要配置Spring Security以使用JWT。创建一个SecurityConfig
类,继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter
:
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
private JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter;
public SecurityConfig(JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter) {
this.jwtRequestFilter = jwtRequestFilter;
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/login").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
http.addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService()).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Override
protected UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
manager.createUser(User.withUsername("user").password(passwordEncoder().encode("password")).roles("USER").build());
return manager;
}
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
}
}
创建一个JwtRequestFilter
类,用于验证每个请求的JWT令牌:
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@Component
public class JwtRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
public JwtRequestFilter(JwtUtil jwtUtil, UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
this.jwtUtil = jwtUtil;
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
final String authorizationHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
String username = null;
String jwt = null;
if (authorizationHeader != null && authorizationHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
jwt = authorizationHeader.substring(7);
username = jwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(jwt);
}
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtUtil.validateToken(jwt, userDetails.getUsername())) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authenticationToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authenticationToken);
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
最后,创建一个简单的REST控制器,包含登录和受保护的接口:
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ApiController {
private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
public ApiController(JwtUtil jwtUtil) {
this.jwtUtil = jwtUtil;
}
@PostMapping("/login")
public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String password) {
// 这里简化了身份验证过程,实际项目中需要验证用户的用户名和密码
return jwtUtil.generateToken(username);
}
@GetMapping("/show1")
public String show1() {
return "这是一个受保护的接口,需要验证JWT令牌";
}
}
这个示例仅用于演示目的。实际项目中,你可能需要根据自己的需求进行相应的调整和优化。
要实现token过期检查
在上面的示例中,我们已经实现了JWT令牌的过期检查。JwtUtil
类中的isTokenExpired
方法用于检查令牌是否已过期。validateToken
方法会调用isTokenExpired
方法来确保令牌在验证过程中没有过期。
这是JwtUtil
类中的相关代码:
public boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {
return getUsernameFromToken(token).equals(username) && !isTokenExpired(token);
}
private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
return getExpirationDateFromToken(token).before(new Date());
}
private Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) {
return getClaimFromToken(token, Claims::getExpiration);
}
在JwtRequestFilter
类中,我们使用validateToken
方法来验证令牌。如果令牌有效且未过期,请求将被允许访问受保护的资源。以下是JwtRequestFilter
类中的相关代码:
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtUtil.validateToken(jwt, userDetails.getUsername())) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authenticationToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authenticationToken);
}
}
这样,当令牌过期时,验证将失败,用户将无法访问受保护的资源。如果你需要在令牌过期后返回一个特定的错误消息,你可以在JwtRequestFilter
类的doFilterInternal
方法中捕获这种情况并设置适当的响应。例如,你可以在验证失败时设置响应状态为401 Unauthorized
:
if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
if (jwtUtil.validateToken(jwt, userDetails.getUsername())) {
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
authenticationToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authenticationToken);
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
response.getWriter().write("令牌无效或已过期");
return;
}
}
这样,当令牌过期或无效时,用户将收到一个包含错误消息的401 Unauthorized
响应。
show2不需要token怎么做
要允许访问不需要JWT令牌的接口,你需要在SecurityConfig
类中的configure
方法中配置相应的路径。你可以使用antMatchers
方法来指定不需要身份验证的路径。在这个例子中,我们将添加一个名为/show2
的新接口,并将其配置为允许无需身份验证即可访问。
首先,在ApiController
类中添加新的接口:
@GetMapping("/show2")
public String show2() {
return "这是一个不需要验证JWT令牌的接口";
}
接下来,在SecurityConfig
类中的configure
方法中添加/show2
路径,使其允许无需身份验证即可访问:
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/login", "/show2").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
http.addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
现在,/show2
接口将不再需要JWT令牌,任何用户都可以访问。其他接口(如/show1
)仍然需要有效的令牌才能访问。
要帮我实现用用户名生成token
要使用用户名生成JWT令牌,您可以在JwtUtil
类中创建一个新方法,该方法接受一个用户名作为参数。以下是如何实现这个方法的示例:
JwtUtil
类中,添加一个新方法generateTokenByUsername
:public String generateTokenByUsername(String username) {
Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
return createToken(claims, username);
}
createToken
方法,使其接受一个用户名参数:private String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {
return Jwts.builder()
.setClaims(claims)
.setSubject(subject)
.setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + JWT_TOKEN_VALIDITY * 1000))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET_KEY)
.compact();
}
ApiController
类中,添加一个新的接口/generateToken
,该接口将接受一个用户名参数,并使用JwtUtil
类中的generateTokenByUsername
方法生成令牌:@Autowired
private JwtUtil jwtUtil;
@PostMapping("/generateToken")
public ResponseEntity<?> generateToken(@RequestParam("username") String username) {
final String token = jwtUtil.generateTokenByUsername(username);
return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthenticationResponse(token));
}
现在,您可以通过调用/generateToken
接口并传递一个用户名参数来生成一个JWT令牌。请注意,这个实现不会检查用户名是否有效或存在于您的用户存储中。您可能需要添加额外的逻辑来验证用户名,例如从数据库中加载用户并检查其凭据。
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