HTTP协议是互联网上使用得最多、最重要的协议之一，越来越多的Java应用程序需要直接通过HTTP协议来访问网络资源。虽然在JDK的java net包中已经提供了访问HTTP协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中。
<!-- httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
package com.ruoyi.common.utils.http;
/**
* http 配置信息
*
* @author ruoyi
*/
public class HttpConf
{
// 获取连接的最大等待时间
public static int WAIT_TIMEOUT = 10000;
// 连接超时时间
public static int CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 10000;
// 读取超时时间
public static int SO_TIMEOUT = 60000;
// 最大连接数
public static int MAX_TOTAL_CONN = 200;
// 每个路由最大连接数
public static int MAX_ROUTE_CONN = 150;
// 重试次数
public static int RETRY_COUNT = 3;
// EPTWebServes地址
public static String EPTWEBSERVES_URL;
// tomcat默认keepAliveTimeout为20s
public static int KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT;
}
package com.ruoyi.common.utils.http;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* 连接池清理
*
* @author ruoyi
*/
public class IdleConnectionMonitorThread extends Thread
{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IdleConnectionMonitorThread.class);
private final HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
private volatile boolean shutdown;
public IdleConnectionMonitorThread(HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr)
{
super();
this.shutdown = false;
this.connMgr = connMgr;
}
@Override
public void run()
{
while (!shutdown)
{
try
{
synchronized (this)
{
// 每5秒检查一次关闭连接
wait(HttpConf.KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT / 4);
// 关闭失效的连接
connMgr.closeExpiredConnections();
// 可选的, 关闭20秒内不活动的连接
connMgr.closeIdleConnections(HttpConf.KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
// log.debug("关闭失效的连接");
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("关闭失效连接异常", e);
}
}
}
public void shutdown()
{
shutdown = true;
if (connMgr != null)
{
try
{
connMgr.shutdown();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("连接池异常", e);
}
}
synchronized (this)
{
notifyAll();
}
}
}
package com.ruoyi.common.utils.http;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.ruoyi.common.constant.Constants;
import com.ruoyi.common.utils.StringUtils;
/**
* 通用http发送方法
*
* @author ruoyi
*/
public class HttpUtils
{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);
public static RequestConfig requestConfig;
private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr;
private static IdleConnectionMonitorThread idleThread;
static
{
HttpUtils.initClient();
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url)
{
return sendGet(url, StringUtils.EMPTY);
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param)
{
return sendGet(url, param, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @param contentType 编码类型
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType)
{
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader in = null;
try
{
String urlNameString = StringUtils.isNotBlank(param) ? url + "?" + param : url;
log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);
URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");
connection.connect();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
finally
{
try
{
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
*
* @param url 发送请求的 URL
* @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
* @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
*/
public static String sendPost(String url, String param)
{
PrintWriter out = null;
BufferedReader in = null;
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
try
{
log.info("sendPost - {}", url);
URL realUrl = new URL(url);
URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
out.print(param);
out.flush();
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
String line;
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result.append(line);
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
finally
{
try
{
if (out != null)
{
out.close();
}
if (in != null)
{
in.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
public static String sendSSLPost(String url, String param)
{
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
try
{
log.info("sendSSLPost - {}", urlNameString);
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
URL console = new URL(urlNameString);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) console.openConnection();
conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)");
conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
conn.setHostnameVerifier(new TrustAnyHostnameVerifier());
conn.connect();
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String ret = "";
while ((ret = br.readLine()) != null)
{
if (ret != null && !ret.trim().equals(""))
{
result.append(new String(ret.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
}
log.info("recv - {}", result);
conn.disconnect();
br.close();
}
catch (ConnectException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendSSLPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
}
return result.toString();
}
private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
{
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
{
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
{
return new X509Certificate[] {};
}
}
private static class TrustAnyHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier
{
@Override
public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session)
{
return true;
}
}
/**
* 获取httpClient
*
* @return
*/
public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient()
{
if (httpClient != null)
{
return httpClient;
}
else
{
return HttpClients.createDefault();
}
}
/**
* 创建连接池管理器
*
* @return
*/
private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager createConnectionManager()
{
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connMgr = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
// 将最大连接数增加到
connMgr.setMaxTotal(HttpConf.MAX_TOTAL_CONN);
// 将每个路由基础的连接增加到
connMgr.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(HttpConf.MAX_ROUTE_CONN);
return connMgr;
}
/**
* 根据当前配置创建HTTP请求配置参数。
*
* @return 返回HTTP请求配置。
*/
private static RequestConfig createRequestConfig()
{
Builder builder = RequestConfig.custom();
builder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(StringUtils.nvl(HttpConf.WAIT_TIMEOUT, 10000));
builder.setConnectTimeout(StringUtils.nvl(HttpConf.CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 10000));
builder.setSocketTimeout(StringUtils.nvl(HttpConf.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000));
return builder.build();
}
/**
* 创建默认的HTTPS客户端，信任所有的证书。
*
* @return 返回HTTPS客户端，如果创建失败，返回HTTP客户端。
*/
private static CloseableHttpClient createHttpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager connMgr)
{
try
{
final SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy()
{
@Override
public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException
{
// 信任所有
return true;
}
}).build();
final SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
// 重试机制
HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandler = new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(HttpConf.RETRY_COUNT, true);
ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy connectionKeepAliveStrategy = new ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy()
{
@Override
public long getKeepAliveDuration(HttpResponse httpResponse, HttpContext httpContext)
{
return HttpConf.KEEP_ALIVE_TIMEOUT; // tomcat默认keepAliveTimeout为20s
}
};
httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).setConnectionManager(connMgr)
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(retryHandler)
.setKeepAliveStrategy(connectionKeepAliveStrategy).build();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("Create http client failed", e);
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
}
return httpClient;
}
/**
* 初始化 只需调用一次
*/
public synchronized static CloseableHttpClient initClient()
{
if (httpClient == null)
{
connMgr = createConnectionManager();
requestConfig = createRequestConfig();
// 初始化httpClient连接池
httpClient = createHttpClient(connMgr);
// 清理连接池
idleThread = new IdleConnectionMonitorThread(connMgr);
idleThread.start();
}
return httpClient;
}
/**
* 关闭HTTP客户端。
*
* @param httpClient HTTP客户端。
*/
public synchronized static void shutdown()
{
try
{
if (idleThread != null)
{
idleThread.shutdown();
idleThread = null;
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("httpclient connection manager close", e);
}
try
{
if (httpClient != null)
{
httpClient.close();
httpClient = null;
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
log.error("httpclient close", e);
}
}
/**
* 请求上游 GET提交
*
* @param uri
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String getCall(final String uri) throws Exception
{
return getCall(uri, null, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 GET提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String getCall(final String uri, String contentType) throws Exception
{
return getCall(uri, contentType, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 GET提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @param charsetName
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String getCall(final String uri, String contentType, String charsetName) throws Exception
{
final String url = uri;
final HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(contentType))
{
httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", contentType);
}
final CloseableHttpResponse httpRsp = getHttpClient().execute(httpGet);
try
{
if (httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK
|| httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN)
{
final HttpEntity entity = httpRsp.getEntity();
final String rspText = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charsetName);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return rspText;
}
else
{
throw new IOException("HTTP StatusCode=" + httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
}
}
finally
{
try
{
httpRsp.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("关闭httpRsp异常", e);
}
}
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param paramsMap
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, Map<String, Object> paramsMap) throws Exception
{
return postCall(uri, null, paramsMap, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @param paramsMap
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, String contentType, Map<String, Object> paramsMap) throws Exception
{
return postCall(uri, contentType, paramsMap, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @param paramsMap
* @param charsetName
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, String contentType, Map<String, Object> paramsMap,
String charsetName) throws Exception
{
final String url = uri;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(contentType))
{
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", contentType);
}
// 添加参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
if (paramsMap != null)
{
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : paramsMap.entrySet())
{
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue()));
}
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charsetName));
final CloseableHttpResponse httpRsp = getHttpClient().execute(httpPost);
try
{
if (httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
{
final HttpEntity entity = httpRsp.getEntity();
final String rspText = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charsetName);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return rspText;
}
else
{
throw new IOException("HTTP StatusCode=" + httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
}
}
finally
{
try
{
httpRsp.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("关闭httpRsp异常", e);
}
}
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param param
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, String param) throws Exception
{
return postCall(uri, null, param, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @param param
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, String contentType, String param) throws Exception
{
return postCall(uri, contentType, param, Constants.UTF8);
}
/**
* 请求上游 POST提交
*
* @param uri
* @param contentType
* @param param
* @param charsetName
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String postCall(final String uri, String contentType, String param, String charsetName)
throws Exception
{
final String url = uri;
final HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(contentType))
{
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", contentType);
}
else
{
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
}
// 添加参数
StringEntity paramEntity = new StringEntity(param, charsetName);
httpPost.setEntity(paramEntity);
final CloseableHttpResponse httpRsp = getHttpClient().execute(httpPost);
try
{
if (httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
{
final HttpEntity entity = httpRsp.getEntity();
final String rspText = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charsetName);
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
return rspText;
}
else
{
throw new IOException("HTTP StatusCode=" + httpRsp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
}
}
finally
{
try
{
httpRsp.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
log.error("关闭httpRsp异常", e);
}
}
}
/**
* 判断HTTP异常是否为读取超时。
*
* @param e 异常对象。
* @return 如果是读取引起的异常（而非连接），则返回true；否则返回false。
*/
public static boolean isReadTimeout(final Throwable e)
{
return (!isCausedBy(e, ConnectTimeoutException.class) && isCausedBy(e, SocketTimeoutException.class));
}
/**
* 检测异常e被触发的原因是不是因为异常cause。检测被封装的异常。
*
* @param e 捕获的异常。
* @param cause 异常触发原因。
* @return 如果异常e是由cause类异常触发，则返回true；否则返回false。
*/
public static boolean isCausedBy(final Throwable e, final Class<? extends Throwable> cause)
{
if (cause.isAssignableFrom(e.getClass()))
{
return true;
}
else
{
Throwable t = e.getCause();
while (t != null && t != e)
{
if (cause.isAssignableFrom(t.getClass()))
{
return true;
}
t = t.getCause();
}
return false;
}
}
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy()
{
....
HttpUtils.shutdown();
}
Map<String, Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
paramsMap.put("id", "1");
paramsMap.put("name", "ruoyi");
String json = "{\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"ry\"}";
HttpUtils.getCall(uri);
HttpUtils.postCall(uri, paramsMap);
HttpUtils.postCall(uri, json);
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